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Does my key fob have more computing power than the Lunar lander?(buzzsprout.com)
39 points by jammcq 6 days ago | 45 comments
  • theamk6 days ago

    TL/DL: yes, it does, and by significant amount

    Key fob has nRF52840l, 64 MHz ARM, 1024 KB Flash, 256 KB RAM

    Apollo Guidance Computer was 2MHz, ~72 KB ROM, ~4 KB RAM

    The comparison might be up to 10x different due to more efficient architecture and different MIPS/MHz ratio, but it does not change much, since the differences are so dramatic.

    (This is based on links in the podcast description, which I assume what they talked about. Those pretty new keyfobs, older ones might have something like nRF24LE01, which is only 16 MHz, 18 KB Flash, 1KB RAM)

    • antihero5 hours ago |parent

      That said, the lunar lander still leads the keyfob in peripherals.

    • y75 hours ago |parent

      I guess even a disposable vape has more computing power than the Lunar lander. (I don't know if that's more or less ridiculous than a key fob, but at least a key is not so disposable.)

      • observationist4 hours ago |parent

        Car chargers for usbs, or digital thermometers, or disposable pregnancy tests - it's absurd the amount of compute that ends up even in single use or trivial products.

        • enlightens3 hours ago |parent

          Never mind the car charger, what about the cable itself?

          https://appleinsider.com/articles/12/10/16/lightning-cables-...

        • fencepost2 hours ago |parent

          A lot of that is because those devices have far more than they actually need because the processors/packages are so cheap. Particularly if it's a relatively low volume item it's probably cheaper to just use a slightly overpowered component even if it's a penny or two more vs changing things.

      • abraae5 hours ago |parent

        A keyfob is more analogous though - i.e. a computing device used to control a vehicle.

        • Detrytus4 hours ago |parent

          The keyfob was brought up by someone so they can make a clickbaity title: "A thing in your pocket has more computing power than Apollo guidance computer. And it's not your smartphone"

    • bitwize3 hours ago |parent

      Here's something to bake your noodle:

      Apple makes Lightning to HDMI dongles that contain 400 MHz Samsung ARM SoCs and 256 MiB of RAM onboard.

      They run frickin' Darwin.

      There is more power in one of those dongles than there was in the OG iMac, and it runs a cut-down macOS. No cap.

      And yes, Doom has been ported: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4XCkeN0XuqA

      • ASalazarMX2 hours ago |parent

        "it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail." -- Abraham Maslow

  • AnotherGoodName3 hours ago

    The contactless chip in your credit card is a full computer that powers up via inductive charging when tapped. It then negotiates 2 way public/private key encryption to verify you. These usually run jme which requires a lot more power than the lunar lander.

    Another good one is the many little computers on cars such as the TPMS sensor in each tyre valve.

    • monocasa2 hours ago |parent

      Well, they run javacard, which is a far cry from normal java or even jme.

      No char, double, float or long types. No arrays with more than one dimension. New creates persistent objects in something like flash with no runtime garbage collection. No String, and in fact most of java.lang.* is missing, etc.

      • circuit102 hours ago |parent

        With all those limitations I wonder why they didn’t just use something like C…

        I guess the portability of bytecode? A modern version might use WebAssembly instead which feels more suited as it’s much lower level (at least without the modern GC extensions)

        • monocasa2 hours ago |parent

          It does still have object level memory safety, so it has that going for it still more than C or even a wasm based VM would.

  • graypegg2 hours ago

    That's a really interesting comparison! But does anyone know if any Apollo lunar lander was specifically notable at the time for the power of compute on board? I feel like the takeaway could be "wow, technology has come so far, the pinnacle of computing in the 60s is bested by this stupid keyfob."

    It does make sense to me that automating only the bare essentials could be an intentional choice on a lunar lander. Relying on intense discipline + training of the astronauts combined with dirt-simple automation should hopefully put them in a good spot to resolve issues you couldn't predict earth-side. If you automated too much, the thing that goes wrong could be a bug IN the automation, which is obviously going to be harder to train for.

    There's also power savings and weight, which I'm sure were big factors... so I can't imagine the guidance computers were great examples of the most performant compute 60s/70s had to offer.

    (Also, not able to listen to the podcast right now, so if that idea gets dispelled during it, disregard me. Just basing this on what I can read over a coffee break.)

    • monocasa2 hours ago |parent

      > if any Apollo lunar lander was specifically notable at the time for the power of compute on board?

      It was somewhere in between. Absolutely impressive for the physical volume and was consuming about 80% of all integrated circuits being produced at the time, but around an order of magnitude slower than the fastest computers at the time (and maybe more depending on how you want to calculate that. It's very back of the envelope).

      And it did have huge amounts of automation. The modern multitasking hard RTOS was basically invented for the AGC. The pilots weren't super happy about it, but also it's generally considered that landing on the moon is essentially impossible without huge amounts of automation.

  • ozim2 hours ago

    That’s the kind of realization like:

    If I get back to middle ages I will be smartest man on in the world - first question “so how do your mobile phones work actually and can you build one?”

    Well great you can compare compute power but can you get to the LEO at least? I don’t think so.

    • ninalanyonan hour ago |parent

      If you ever get back there make sure to take every 1930s DIY book you can find. They have everything from legal advice to how to make a power rectifier from scratch as well as how batteries and radios work along with instructions for building them from valves. If you can make a vacuum pump it's not ever such a stretch to make thermionic valves (tubes for left-pondians). You could even make something like Konrad Zuse's computers with the technology that is already available.

      The first generation won't be as good as the Apollo Guidance Computer though.

    • ASalazarMX2 hours ago |parent

      Does this mean my 27 tankōbon volumes of Doctor Stone are not the fast track to rebuilding our technological civilization I thought they were?

    • readthenotes12 hours ago |parent

      Your brain is not more powerful than similarly well-fed brains in the middle ages. Most of the well-fed could learn anything you know.

      The key fob, likewise, could be programmed to get us to LEO and probably run Doom at the same time

  • 1970-01-014 hours ago

    Isn't the real challenge finding anything made today that has less compute power than the lander? I challenge you to find that.

    • jerf4 hours ago |parent

      You can still find things like an Arduino Micro that has less ROM & RAM than the lunar lander.

      But finding something new slower than a 2MHz CPU is probably a challenge nowadays; even the Micro is 16MHz and can probably be overclocked a ways above that without much work or risk.

      https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00AFY2S56 - not that that is necessarily the best way to buy such a system, just showing they exist.

    • sehugg3 hours ago |parent

      Another related question: Is there any production software system so inefficient that it would run faster if implemented in machine language on the AGC

    • robotnikman2 hours ago |parent

      Maybe whatever is found in a basic calculator?

    • wat100003 hours ago |parent

      That's easy. The challenge would be finding something that has less than the lander, but more than zero.

    • 3 hours ago |parent
      [deleted]
  • bgun2 hours ago

    If a computing device can’t actually do more useful things tha another computing device, then saying it has more “computing power” is a bit silly.

    It’s like measuring national power by population, or saying that ants have “more power” than humans because ants are more numerous, have more legs and can lift more per unit of size. It’s fun to think about for about five seconds before recognizing that “power” is about capability, not abstract numbers.

  • taeric4 hours ago

    This is actually a good example to consider why a better computing model does relatively little to enable some things. Sure, your fob has more computing complexity; the lander had far more of, well, everything else.

  • jammcq6 days ago

    Does my key fob have more computing power than the Lunar Lander? In this episode of Runtime Arguments that just dropped today, Wolf and I dive into that question and we reveal some information that might surprise you. We had a lot of fun doing the research and we hope you enjoy it. Find it wherever you get your podcasts. And, if you enjoy it, please tell all of your friends. We'd really appreciate it.

    • slicktux5 hours ago |parent

      I will give it a listen! :)

  • whartung3 hours ago

    The way I first heard this was regarding Voyager.

    Something akin to: "Right now, you're carrying more computing power than what's on Voyager. And I'm not talking about your phone, I'm talking about your keyfob."

  • Pwntastic4 hours ago

    needs a [podcast] tag.

    there's no useful text content on this page

    • deepspace4 hours ago |parent

      Right? And not even a way to get a transcript, that I can see. Who has an hour to listen to some dudes talk about a question that could and has been answered in a few seconds?

      • Ylpertnodi3 hours ago |parent

        Insomniacs.

  • dehrmann4 hours ago

    In fairness, the cryptography backing key fobs is likely more computationally intensive.

  • asplake5 hours ago

    How long until we can ask that question of USB cables?

    • aitchnyu5 hours ago |parent

      You are more than 5 years late.

      https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/a30916315/usb-c-...

    • PunchyHamster5 hours ago |parent

      There are ones that do, they are just... the naughty kind

  • coupdejarnac4 hours ago

    Low cost ARM M series microcontrollers are ubiquitous, and they're all immensely more powerful than the lunar lander computer.

    • jeffbee2 hours ago |parent

      Wireless embedded smartcards from 30 years ago were more powerful than the Apollo guidance computer. It's not a useful benchmark.

      • ASalazarMXan hour ago |parent

        Considering Starship's console has big touch screens, a comparison with today's computers would be fairer, but less interesting.

  • HPsquared5 hours ago

    We have all these amazing technological resources and yet, houses are still out of reach for like half the population.

    • chrisBob4 hours ago |parent

      Making houses 3 orders of magnitude smaller and cheaper isn't very popular.

      But I get your sentiment.

    • unyttigfjelltol3 hours ago |parent

      I’d love to see some disruption of those markets. Let’s see … laws that promote rather than restrict development … search programs that reduce friction identifying maximum buildable area lots for sale … trading platforms for combining lots into larger developments … optimization of actual building technology … innovation in ownership and governance models…. Of course, none of those are strictly dependent on MHz.

    • wat100003 hours ago |parent

      The problem isn't the houses themselves, it's the land to put them on. Technology doesn't help much with that.