HNNewShowAskJobs
Built with Tanstack Start
Italian bears living near villages have evolved to be smaller and less agressive(phys.org)
113 points by wjSgoWPm5bWAhXB 7 days ago | 71 comments
  • TechnicalVault6 days ago

    The selective pressure of a .338 Winchester Magnum, is not to be underestimated.

    Funny thing is something similar occurs in lab mice. Where a technician is selecting a mouse for cull the more aggressive mice are more likely to be the ones selected. Problem mice who kill their littermates can ruin experiments.

    • asdff21 hours ago |parent

      What is interesting is it is happening with urban racoons too. I'm not sure what the selective pressure might be for smaller snouts. I don't think racoons are being killed like a dangerous bear might. I'd assume if any are being actively fed for looking cute it is very few of them, and those doing the feeding wouldn't be selective about it.

      My best guess is that the short snout trait is in linkage with something else that is actually what is being selected upon. At least for racoons.

      https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/raccoons-are-show...

      • setopt13 hours ago |parent

        My guess would be a linkage with something else as you say. Look for example at the Russian domestication of silver foxes which was done very deliberately, and bred for less aggressiveness, yet it caused physical changes in appearance like dog-like ears and tails: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesticated_silver_fox

      • raverbashing17 hours ago |parent

        One evolutionary pressure that exists in city raccoons is being run over by cars. Others might be access to food, which cute (and less aggressive) raccoons might have an easier time with

    • attila-lendvaia day ago |parent

      same with russian fox fur breeders. i don't remember the numbers, but after a surprisingly small number of generations the foxes turned into cat-like pets.

      • pfdietza day ago |parent

        Yes, that's a quite famous experiment, and still ongoing. Similar effects of "domestication syndrome" have recently been reported in wild urban foxes and raccoons.

        • tokaia day ago |parent

          Remember reading something about humans themselves show the signs of domestication syndrome.

          • nkrisca day ago |parent

            Not in the literal sense (which would semantically impossible), but we have domesticated ourselves with the advent of farming and the domestication of crop plants. We fundamentally changed our own lifestyle into an agricultural one, the same we changed lifestyle of several large mammal species to co-exist with us in that agricultural lifestyle. So perhaps in some sense, maybe we actually did literally domesticated ourselves.

            • antihipocrata day ago |parent

              Wheat, barley and similar plant life have done pretty well for themselves, perhaps they domesticated us?

              • lispera day ago |parent

                A chicken is an egg’s way of making more eggs.

            • mjanx12321 hours ago |parent

              The markers of domestication in modern humans long predate the farming. 'Human' was the first animal available for domestication. There is a distinction between the domestication as set of changes in the organism and the 'applied' domestication in farming. In the applied sense, the humans on the top of the hierarchy do actually farm the humans below them.

            • verisimi19 hours ago |parent

              > Not in the literal sense (which would semantically impossible)

              Why is it impossible the humans are not domesticated? Are you making a point about language?

              I think this is certainly true. People in cities, where there are high amounts of people around act differently when they are in a small village or in nature with fewer or no people around.

          • BurningFroga day ago |parent

            Executing murderers will change the population over a few centuries.

            • pfdietz6 hours ago |parent

              I doubt it. The fraction of population that is murderers is quite small.

              • devilbunny2 hours ago |parent

                It is now. OTOH I have read that an estimated 1/4 of male chimpanzees die at the hands of other chimps (whether murder or war). So it’s not implausible.

              • BurningFrog5 hours ago |parent

                If so, you don't have to execute a lot of them to affect the murder rates!

            • Earw0rm18 hours ago |parent

              Only if they haven't yet reproduced.

            • startupsfaila day ago |parent

              Yes, executioners do proliferate this way. They tend to run out of murderers quickly though, then use any other excuses to execute.

      • jojobasa day ago |parent

        It wasn't for fur, they ran a long-term selective breeding experiment just to see if they can pull it off.

      • dyauspitra day ago |parent

        Tails curled, ears drooped and they became mostly white.

    • 0_____0a day ago |parent

      What portion of lab mice are from genetically stable inbred lines? I assumed most of them were from those lines due to their predictable characteristics. C57BL/6 being predictably kind of bitey for example

    • andai16 hours ago |parent

      I heard the same process has been running on humans for the last few millennia. Apparently 2% of the population was executed every year, wherein presumably the most aggressive and independently-minded individuals are overrepresented.

      Something something autodomestication...

      • HPsquared14 hours ago |parent

        Every year, or every generation? I could believe 2% per generation.

      • lotsofpulp16 hours ago |parent

        Wouldn’t the ones doing the executing be the most aggressive?

        • II2II14 hours ago |parent

          I look at aggression as an emotional state, rather than the capacity for violence. Consider the army. Soldiers are expected to commit violent acts on enemy soldiers, yet they are also expected to maintain emotional control. They are typically expected to avoid killing civilians. They are certainly expected to avoid killing friendly targets. Clearly they have a capacity to commit violence and I suppose most people would say there is a need for aggression because of that. On the other hand, they are not aggressive in the sense of random acts of violence (as would be the case of a bear or a raccoon attacking a bystander).

        • lm2846915 hours ago |parent

          It's just a job, and the decision is backed by justice.

          The guy who kills a family for fun is more aggressive than the guy who execute him. I'm not even sure how you could get to any other conclusion

          • lotsofpulp15 hours ago |parent

            In that scenario, the guy who kills a family is also an executioner. But in the context of a world where 2% of the population is executed every year, presumably that is one without much of a justice system, and more of a dictatorship (where the dictator and their underlings are pretty aggressive).

            Edit: I think "most aggressive and independently-minded individuals" needs to be defined further, because, obviously, a human without a tribe isn't going to survive long, but also no tribe wants an unpredictable wildcard. So one can be aggressive, with long term strategic thinking, but also not impulsive so as to become persona non grata.

            An aggressive, long term thinking individual (or group) can cull other "aggressive and independently-minded individuals" so they don't develop into threats.

            • lm2846912 hours ago |parent

              > the guy who kills a family is also an executioner

              Quite literally not... "executioner: an official who effects a sentence of capital punishment on a condemned person". An executioner is someone who is legally allowed to give death as a consequence of a judicial decision, not simply someone who kills.

              Words have meaning an homicide isn't a murder, a murder isn't an execution, &c.

        • Ray2015 hours ago |parent

          No, they are not. I think, on average, those who execute are much less aggressive than those who are executed.

          • lotsofpulp14 hours ago |parent

            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_mortality...

            Even in warring countries, or countries without much rule of law, death rates (from all causes) is ~1.1%. Let's say good data is not available, and the real figure is double or triple that number.

            An annual death rate of 2% just from executions would be in a society with a super aggressive dictator (or faction, I guess).

            For more context, annual WW2 death rates over 5 or 6 years were not as high as 2% per year. Only Poland seems to have been higher.

            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties

    • rendawa day ago |parent

      Do lab mice breed after selection for experiments?

  • adev_19 hours ago

    The legend says that after few generations, the bears developped a taste for high quality pasta.

    They also refuse to eat in the trash bins of anybody that drink Cappuccino after 01:00pm in a sign of integration.

  • jablongo21 hours ago

    Upcoming: Selective pressure of AI coevolution leads to humans with a fear of unplugging things and the ability to sleep while sitting.

  • kkylina day ago

    Not just bears it seems: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/raccoons-are-show...

    • morkalorka day ago |parent

      Coyotes are on their way too

  • toss1a day ago

    Makes sense. The more aggressive bears would be more likely to get in fights with humans, which generally turns out badly for the bear, either immediately or from being subsequently hunted down. OTOH, more cooperative bears will more likely be tolerated and even fed, like this bear (different population) who started out as a nuisance to the beekeeper[0] and now is an 'official' taste tester.

    [0] https://time.com/5664393/bear-beekeeper-video/

  • notorandit18 hours ago

    Like wolves that evolved into dogs. Interesting.

  • bitwizea day ago

    Next step, they start speaking in an Italian accent, like this husky: https://m.youtube.com/shorts/Roc5WV-gBAY

    • fsckboya day ago |parent

      or worse, till we breed softer claws, speaking with their hands

      • barrenko21 hours ago |parent

        soon they'll be helping nonas with the focaccia

        • riffraff20 hours ago |parent

          Well, that region already has a kind of cake called "bear bread" (Pan dell'orso) so it's only fair bears start to make it.

  • Mikhail_Edoshin19 hours ago

    Isn't it a little too fast for "evolution"?

    • HarHarVeryFunny12 hours ago |parent

      Right, how do you know the gene pool now mostly contains large aggressive bears that instinctively stay away from villages, and small cuddly bears that are enjoying left over pasta suppers ?

      Maybe it's just that many of the large aggressive bears living near villages have just been shot or scared away, but the genetics is unchanged and the offspring of large aggressive bears currently living away from villages will have no aversion to trying their luck in the village ?

    • ACCount3718 hours ago |parent

      Not really?

      If there's a range of "how aggressive a bear can be", and it's mostly driven by genetics, and aggression is heavily selected against in the environment? Then you can get a considerable reduction in aggression in the span of as little as a few generations. Bear generation time is what, 5 years? They coexisted with humans for a long time now.

      Now, traits with weaker genetic components (i.e. if bear aggression is only 50% genetic) can take much longer. Even more so for traits with low variance, or highly complex traits and behaviors. But evolution isn't always slow. Certain changes can happen quickly - about as quickly as you can apply the selection pressure.

    • scotty7914 hours ago |parent

      Evolution works in bursts. Species can stay stable for millions of years and then evolve in relative blink of an eye when the environment changes.

  • anothernewdudea day ago

    Oh right, the animal.

  • naian6 days ago

    Looking forward to bears being domesticated.

    • sph16 hours ago |parent

      Some Russians have been trying: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IM0GEN_CNfI

    • dmixa day ago |parent

      that'd be a nice monthly food bill, a black bear can eat 20x as much as a dog

      • intalentivea day ago |parent

        We can try to breed little chihuahua or pug sized bears that will curl up at your feet.

        • elcritch20 hours ago |parent

          Suddenly I’m very pro genetic modification as long as we get mini pet bears. Dang it!

          • 15 hours ago |parent
            [deleted]
        • skylurk15 hours ago |parent

          Surprisingly, chihuahua bears are not my idea of a good time.

          • saltcured7 hours ago |parent

            Hah, where does the new breed land on the temperament wheel... Is it going to be more like a koala, raccoon, weasel, badger, or tasmanian devil?

          • ErroneousBosh15 hours ago |parent

            I feel like something bigger would actually be better, like somewhere between a collie and a GSD. Labrador-size and temperament bears would be about the right speed, maybe.

      • sysguesta day ago |parent

        well breed it smaller then

      • twolegs18 hours ago |parent

        But it can catch salmon!

      • jojobasa day ago |parent

        How does that compare to a horse? I want a saddle-broken bear.

      • dyauspitra day ago |parent

        I’d take it on if I could have a dog level trust bear.

        • rectanga day ago |parent

          “Widdle Yogi would never hurt nobody! Go ahead, pet hi… BAD YOGI! DROP IT NOW!”

          • the__alchemista day ago |parent

            "He's friendly!"

    • neoma day ago |parent

      The coon's too: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/raccoons-are-show...

  • ourmandavea day ago

    [flagged]

    • andrewla day ago |parent

      I’m all for analysis of, and challenges to, research studies. If we don’t have that we can’t do science. But I don’t like sneering, knee jerk statements like ourmandave’s Yeah, this seems related to the "raccoons becoming domesticated" bullsht.*

      I watched the video ourmandave pointed us to where NessieExplains points out what she says are flaws in the study suggesting raccoons are becoming domesticated:

      https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12983-025-00583-1

      The data set and the code used to analyze the data are at https://osf.io/56xcg/overview.

      Her criticisms and conclusions may well be correct, but her video is really just her saying her conclusions are correct. She downloaded the data and did her own analysis and points to results in her spreadsheets. It all flies by quite quickly. We have to take her word for it. She also made a snarky comment about this line in the R code:

        # 57% Let’s see what we can do to change that!
      
      But the next lines in the code are:

        # what if we remove those pictures that we had issues measuring?
        # that would be gbifIDs: 4855527033, 4096474261, 2311326414, 4528316516
        # Vector of IDs to exclude - the image quality was too bad after all
        ids_to_exclude <- c(4855527033, 4096474261, 4528316516, 2311326414)
      
      So the authors tell us what weak data they’re removing, but the data is still available if other researchers want to put it back in. They are not hiding anything. We do not have to take their word about their conclusions. If NessieExplains does not publish her criticisms she is asking us to take her word for what she says.

      She says in the video that she’s an actual raccoon biologist. According to her web site she is pursuing a master’s in biology (nessieexplains.com/about-nessie-explains/) although there is no date on the page, so she may have completed the degree already.

      As I say, she may well be correct, but I have no way of knowing.

    • jibala day ago |parent

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synanthrope

      https://nhmu.utah.edu/articles/animals-who-have-adapted-live...

  • Santosh83a day ago

    When will humans evolve to be less aggressive before we devolve into catastrophic collapse?

    • Earw0rm17 hours ago |parent

      We already did. Most of us, anyway. Unfortunately it only takes a few percent to spoil it for all the rest.

    • nkrisca day ago |parent

      For what it’s worth, I think even the worst outcomes wouldn’t necessarily force us to extinction. Would be a bit of a reset though.

    • ls-aa day ago |parent

      Catastrophic collapse will come because people believe in Darwin's theory, and the collapse will be well deserved

      • thfurana day ago |parent

        You’re a fan of Lamarck?

      • leptonsa day ago |parent

        And which theory about God do you think lacks merit?